Filter First
Introduction
Ubiquity of lead-bearing plumbing
Limitations of corrosion control treatment
the meaning of a water utility’s compliance with the federal Lead and Copper Rule (LCR)
Long-term solution to lead in tap water
Short-term solution to lead in tap water
Resources
The science
Harvard School of Public Health. (2024). Case Study Brief: Denver Water Filter Program.
Tully, J., M. Schock, S. Shilling, V. Bosscher, D. Lytle, S. Harmon, and C. Bennett-Stamper. 2024. An evaluation of properly operated NSF/ANSI-53 Pb certified drinking water filters in Benton Harbor, MI. Journal of Water and Health doi: 10.2166/wh.2024.231.
Pan, W. and D. E. Giammar. 2022. Point-of-Use Filters for Lead Removal from Tap Water: Opportunities and Challenges.
Parks, J. et al. 2018. Potential Challenges Meeting the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Lead in School Drinking Water Goal of 1 μg/L.
Wu, C. et al. 2017. The microbial colonization of activated carbon block point-of-use (PoU) filters with and without chlorinated phenol disinfection by-products.
EPA. 2016. Flint, MI: Filter Challenge Assessment.
Calls for Filter-First approach to lead in water
Saff, R., D. Axelrad, H. Kessler. 2024. There are many reasons to filter your Tallahassee tap water (Opinion). Tallahassee Democrat (Dec 22).